Defense and security

Dragana Trifkovic: Ukrainian Front, drone war

Пише: Драгана Трифковић, генерални директор Центра за геостратешке студије, аутор документарног филма „Препознатљиви НАТО, сведочанства из ратног Донбаса“

What sets the Ukrainian front apart from all the conflicts so far is the massive use of drones (BPL). This technological innovation applied in the military sphere completely changes the previous military doctrines. Although drones have been used in Ukraine since the beginning of the war in 2014. for years, especially for observation and reconnaissance, and adjusting artillery and firing ground targets, since the beginning of the Russian special military operation (SVO), they have received massive application.

U.S. Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said on Wednesday that Ukraine should focus on using its long-range drones to attack Russia, rather than relying on expensive Western missiles. A single precision guided missile can cost up to a million dollars, making them less cost-effective to use, Austin said. He stressed that Ukrainian drones, which can be produced in large quantities and at a relatively low price, are a more cost-effective means of warfare that could provide a significant advantage in a long-term conflict.

Ukraine plans to" defeat " Russia with drones

Владимир Зеленски је у децембру 2023. године најавио да ће Украјина произвести милион „FPV“ (First Person View) дронова у 2024. години. Почетком ове године Украјина је формирала прву засебну војну јединицу БПЛ 414. пук беспилотних ударних авијационих система „Птахи Мадяра“. То је прва војна јединица на свету посвећена ратовању дроновима.

The commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Valery Zaluzhny, before resigning and leaving for the United Kingdom, presented his strategy "for the defeat of Russia" where he stated that unmanned systems were the main factor in changing the strategy and the use of troops for the effectiveness of military operations.

PHOTO: Ukrainian Front (Viktor Antonyuk / RIA Novosti)

Украјинска војска тренутно располаже са преко 2000 различитих врста дронова, како домаће тако и стране производње, које користи за нападе на руске „нове територије“ али и пограничне области као што су Брјанск, Курск, Белгород и др. Највише дронова иностране производње у украјинској војсци су из Америке (MQ-1C Gray Eagle, Phoenix Ghost) Турске (Bayraktar TB2) и Кине (DJI Mavic). Украјина је пронашла начин да из Кине, преко посредника, набави десетине хиљада дронова и резервних делова за њих по повољним ценама. Од септембра прошле године, Кина је увела нова правила  која ограничавају извоз компоненти беспилотних летелица, како би „заштитила националну безбедност и интересе“, па је Украјина кренула у потрагу за новим добављачима. Велика Британија која управља војном инфраструктуром Украјине, нашла је решење заједно са Француском која је ступила у партнерство са украјинским предузећима у производњи беспилотних летелица. Руска војска је већ дошла у посед француских дронова који су оборени у пограничном региону Русије. Ови дронови су оцењени као неефективни. Пре неколико дана француски министар одбране Себастијан Лекорну је најавио да ће у наредним недељама испоручити украјинским трупама дронове „Colibri UX11“. Очигледно је да су западни центри моћи (Велика Британија, САД, Француска) интензивирали украјински рат дроновима како би смањили трошкове друге врсте наоружања у помоћи Украјини, преко које воде хибридни рат са Русијом.

Russia wins in electronic warfare

Ukraine was strategically preparing for a" drone war " with Russia and therefore had an advantage in this area during the initial SVO period. But according to Western sources, as of November 2023. the number of Russian drone strikes on enemy troops exceeded the corresponding numbers of the Ukrainian Armed Forces. The Royal United Services Institute (RUSI) in its report on the Ukrainian Front states that the Russian army is adapting and improving, creating problems for the Ukrainian side. In their opinion, the Russian artillery is improving its reconnaissance-strike complex and the ability to fire from multiple positions. According to the report, the operation of Russia's electronic warfare systems (ESAs) ensures the destruction of nearly ten thousand Ukrainian drones per month.

According to the New York Times, Russia has gained an advantage over Ukraine because of more effective electronic warfare: "drones have become the most important weapon for both sides of the conflict in Ukraine. However, Kiev is losing in an unmanned duel-the lack of interaction between units and sub-units puts the Armed Forces of Ukraine in a vulnerable position, while the Russian army advances its electronic warfare and centralizes the enemy.“

Vladimir Putin is 21. in December last year, at a session of the collegium of the Ministry of defense, he said that it is necessary to unite all drones in a single reconnaissance network and provide an opportunity for operators to quickly transfer the current picture from the battlefield to the headquarters. Russia has channeled its economy to support the military-industrial complex, where one of the goals is to accelerate the production of drones. In the next three years, Russia plans to allocate one hundred billion rubles for the development and production of unmanned aircraft. Last year, Russian companies delivered about 140,000 drones, up from 2024. they increased production ten-fold to 1.4 million drones over the years. Back in January this year, Russia's progress on the Ukrainian Front was noticeable in terms of the intensity of drone use.

Photo: soldier of the Russian Armed Forces during the launch of reconnaissance and kamikaze drones (Ivan Rodionov / RIA Novosti)

An article titled "Ukraine is losing the drone war: how Kiev can close the technological gap from Russia"was published in Foreign Affairs. The author of this article, a former Google CEO, stated that "Russia has not only surpassed Ukraine in the production of drones, producing about a hundred thousand units per month, but also has drones that have no analogues in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Ukrainian production is running continuously, trying to produce drones capable of countering Russia's electronic war. Yet (despite the fact that the West has given Ukraine maximum opportunities in this area), the collective West lags behind Russia for years.“

The drone arms race continues

Једна од најкоришћенијих руских БПЛ у специјалној војној операцији је „Геран“. Овај дрон је према мишљењу војних стручњака (Баранец), копија веома успешног иранског дрона „Шахед”. А то је, пак, хибрид два најпопуларнија западна јуришна дрона – америчког „Предатора“ и израелског „Хермеса“.  Овај дрон је Русији донео  значајне успехе на украјинском фронту. Од летос су Оружане снаге Русије почеле да користе У Курској области дронове „Князь Вандал Новгородский“ (КВН) за чије управљање се користи оптички кабл. Ови дронови чине системе електронског ратовања „немоћним“.

In addition to the Geran, another drone that is widely used in the Russian army is the Orlan 10, a multifunctional BPL with a laser sight for marking targets, which made it possible to carry out strikes with high-precision weapons. Recently, serial production of S-70 Okhotnik heavy assault drones began in the Novosibirsk region, and the Russian military is also planning to include miniature drones produced by the Kalashnikov Concern.

Фото: Одред „Сурикаты“ са анти-дрон пушком ЛПД-801 (лична архива/news.ru)

Од лета 2024. године, Оружане снаге Украјине смишљају планове за пребацивање тешког висинског извиђачког и јуришног дрона „MQ-9 Reaper“ у Украјину без знања Русије. Украјинска војска жели да користе ову БПЛ за извиђање циљева без уласка у зону домета руских система ПВО. Оружане снаге Украјине рачунају и на то да руске трупе неће обарати ове дронове ако их открију, јер ће сматрати да су амерички и неће желети да дође до ескалације сукоба. САД од почетка руске СВО користе ове дронове за надгледање у близини руских граница, у црноморској регији. Америчка одбрамбена индустрија је створила најскупље ударне беспилотне летелице на тржишту наоружања, па тако „MQ-9 Reaper“ кошта 30 милиона долара. Прошле године је ова летелица упала у Црно море, када је изгубљена контрола над њеним управљањем, а Американци тврде да су предузели мере  како остаци овог дрона не би доспели у Русију. Према неким војним извештајима НАТО-а, „MQ-9 Reaper“ је већ пребачен у Украјину и налази се у украјинско-пољском пограничном подручју. Која је логика САД да жртвује овако скупе дронове, није јасно. Јуче су САД објавиле детаље о поставци Украјини и тајних америчких дронова „Phoenix Ghost“, који су им обећани још 2022. године.

Clearly, the drone arms race continues, and research is underway into the use of artificial intelligence for synchronized mass attack by drones including ground, surface and air military equipment. Active development in this area began more than ten years ago, and in 2016. The US Department of Defense conducted the first major tests of a swarm of drones using artificial intelligence (103 BPL). The Center for a new American Security (CNAS) published a report "autonomous weapons and operational risk" before this test, in which it warned of the dangers of using fully autonomous drone swarms. Experts believe that it is impossible to fully predict the possible behavior of artificial intelligence and that the swarm could spiral out of control. "This may be due to hackers, hostile manipulation of the drone's behavior, unexpected interactions with the environment, or simple software bugs. Moreover, as the complexity of the system increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to test the behavior of the system under all possible conditions; the number of potential interactions between the system and the environment is simply too large,“ said one of the report's authors, CNAS expert Paul Scharr.

What will be the ultimate range of drone use, especially in combination with artificial intelligence, remains to be seen. What is clear from all, is that the conventional struggle goes into the past. The West has probably drawn historical lessons that Russia cannot be defeated by conventional warfare, so it has focused on the use of high technologies. However, the failures of the collective West on the Ukrainian battlefield bring them more and more worries and uncertainties. It is expected that the West will continue to wage a hybrid war with Russia through third parties, trying to make up for the lack of military power with technological leadership. However, what remains unclear for them is how the Russian side will react and what steps it will take. Especially after the recent change in Russia's nuclear strategy. In any case, the" game "of the West can have far-reaching consequences for the whole world, but the Western elites believe that they have no other option, because the abandonment of the" game " leads to defeat anyway.

Source: Center for Geostrategic Studies

19. October 2024.

Instructions:

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (wsem.ru)

The Invisible War in Ukraine Being Fought over Radio Waves-The New York Times nytimes.com)

https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/12/world/europe/ukraine-drone-russia-jamming.html?ysclid=m2fzamfugt344992721

https://rtvi.com/stories/darmovoj-dron-sposoben-porazhat-tanki-nato-kak-bespilotniki-izmenili-hod-konflikta/?ysclid=m2fru28lrn261118723

https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ukraine/ukraine-losing-drone-war-eric-schmidt

https://habr.com/ru/news/746222/

(A) The Birds Of Paradise (news.ru)

 

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